| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Simeon ben Gamliel II ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Simeon ben Gamliel II
Simeon (or Shimon) ben Gamliel II (Hebrew: רבן שמעון בן גמליאל השני) was a Tanna of the third generation and president of the Great Sanhedrin. Shimon was a youth in Betar when the Bar Kokhba revolt broke out, but when that fortress was taken by the Romans he managed to escape the massacre (''Gittin'' 58a; ''Sotah'' 49b; ''Bava Kamma'' 83a; ''Yer. Ta'anit'' 24b). On the restoration of the college at Usha, Shimon was elected its president, this dignity being bestowed upon him not only because he was a descendant of the house of Hillel, but in recognition of his personal worth and influence.〔 His traditional burial location is in Kfar Manda in the Lower Galilee.
== Leadership ==
There were many children in his family, one-half of whom were instructed in the Torah, and the other half in Greek philosophy (''Gittin'' 58a;〔 ''Sotah'' 49b;〔 ''Bava Kamma'' 83a;〔). According to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', Shimon himself seems to have been trained in Greek philosophy; this probably accounting for his declaring later that the Scriptures might be written only in the original text and in Greek (''Meg.'' 9b; i. 8; ''Yer. Meg.'' 71c). Shimon appears to have studied natural science as well, for some of his sayings betray a scientific knowledge of the nature of plants and animals, while others concern the anatomy of the human body and the means of avoiding or of curing disease (''Ber.'' 25a, 40a; ''Shab.'' 78a, 128b; ''Yeb.'' 80b; ''Ket.'' 59b, 110b). It is not known who were his teachers in the Halakah; he transmits sayings of R. Judah bar Ilai (''Tosef.'', ''Kelim'', ''B. Ḳ.'' v. 4), of R. Meir (''Shab.'' 15b; ''B. M.'' 106b;''Tosef.'', ''Ket.'' vi. 10; ''Yer.'' ''Ket.'' vi. 7 ), and of R. Jose bar Ḥalafta (''Tosef.'', ''Dem.'' iii. 12; ''Tosef.'', ''Ṭoh.'' xi. 16). The last-named was honored as a teacher by Shimon, who addressed questions to him, and put many of his decisions into practice (''Suk.'' 26a; ''Tosef.'', ''Dem.'' iii. 14〔).〔
During Shimon's patriarchate the Jews were harried by daily persecutions and oppressions. In regard to these Shimon observes: "Our forefathers knew suffering only from a distance, but we have been surrounded by it for so many days, years, and cycles that we are more justified than they in becoming impatient" (''Cant. R.'' iii. 3). "Were we, as of yore, to inscribe upon a memorial scroll our sufferings and our occasional deliverances therefrom, we should not find room for all" (''Shab.'' 13b).〔
Jewish internal affairs were more firmly organized by Shimon ben Gamaliel, and the patriarchate attained under him a degree of honor previously unknown. While formerly only two persons, the ''nasi'' and the ''ab bet din'', presided over the college, Shimon established the additional office of "''ḥakam''", with authority equal to that of the others, appointing R. Meir to the new office. In order, however, to distinguish between the dignity of the patriarchal office and that attaching to the offices of the ''ab bet din'' and the ''ḥakam'', Shimon issued an order to the effect that the honors formerly bestowed alike upon the ''nasi'' and the ''ab bet din'' were henceforth to be reserved for the patriarch (''nasi''), while minor honors were to be accorded the ''ab bet din'' and the ''ḥakam''. By this ruling Shimon incurred the enmity of R. Meir, the ''ḥakam'', and of R. Nathan, the ''ab bet din'' (''Hor.'' 13b). Shimon had made this arrangement, not from personal motives, but in order to increase the authority of the college over which the ''nasi'' presided, and to promote due respect for learning. His personal humility is evidenced by his sayings to his son Judah I, as well as by the latter's sayings (''B. M.'', 84b, 85a).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Simeon ben Gamliel II」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|